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The Manaki brothers, Yanaki and Milton were photography and cinema pioneers who brought the first film camera and creating the first motion pictures on the Balkan Peninsula and in the Ottoman Empire. Their work was done in the city of Manastir (modern Bitola, Republic of Macedonia), an economic and cultural center of Ottoman Rumelia.〔(Macedonia, 4th Edition, Thammy Evans, Bradt Guides, 2004; page 207 )〕 They started their film career with a 60-second documentary of their grandmother spinning and weaving entitled ''The Weavers'';〔(Filmland Griechenland - Terra incognita: griechische, Elene Psoma, Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 2008, ISBN 3832516182, S. 23. (Ger.) )〕 this is regarded as the first motion picture shot in the Balkans.〔Katerina Zacharia, "'Reel' Hellenisms: Perceptions of Greece in Greek Cinema" in Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms, p. 323〕 The Manaki brothers did their work with a 35 mm Urban Bioscope camera that Yanaki Manaki imported from London.〔(Vecer Online - One century of the Macedonian seventh art )〕 In 1904, the two Aromanian brothers〔Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810862956, (p. 234. )〕 moved from their birthplace Avdella to the town of Manastir. One year later, they open their own atelier for photographic art.〔(Kolektiv, Distinguished people for Bitola, NUUB St. Clement of Ohrid, Bitola, 2007, page 124 )〕 After their work became known, in 1906 they received an invitation from King Carol I of Romania to participate in the ''World Photo Exhibition'' in Sinaia, Romania, where they won a gold medal for their collection.〔("In 1906 the brothers participated in a big exhibition in Romania, from where they return with a golden medal" ''Makedonska Nacija'' - Biography of Milton Manaki. )〕 Later, they become the official photographers of the Ottoman Sultan, and in 1929 to the King of Yugoslavia Alexander Karađorđević.〔(Po povod Manaki, Tomislav Osmanli, Skopje, 2006, page 27 )〕 According to the memoirs of Milton Manaki, in 1905, his older brother traveled through several European capitals. In London, he bought a Bioscope 300 film camera from the Charles Urban Trade Company.〔("Moving through the European capitals Yanaki stays a short time in London where he finds what he was searching for. That was a historical event for him, and he buys the Bioscope 300 camera from Charles Urban Trading." Makedonska Nacija - Yanaki Manaki pioneer in the Balkan's photography and cinematography. )〕 With this camera, they filmed their 114-year-old grandmother Despina; this was the first film shot in Southeastern Europe. The film was made only 10 years after the first Lumière brothers film, which influenced the brothers.〔(The Cosmopolit - The Manaki Brothers )〕 Living in a time of transition from the 19th to 20th century, during the Ilinden Uprising, the Balkan Wars, and the First World War, the development of Manastir as a consulate and military center of the Ottoman Empire, the brothers Manaki with their films helped to record these historical events.〔 Yanaki and Milton recorded a number of films, mostly documentaries about various aspects of life in the city of Manastir.〔(''Utrinski Newspaper'' - Archive monument from the creation of the Manaki's )〕 Apart from their activity in filmmaking and photography, in 1921 they built an outdoor cinema named "Manaki" on the main street Shirok Sokak.〔 They later built a movie theater, which began its work on the 1st of December 1923; this building was destroyed in 1939 in a fire.〔(''Loza'' - article on the "Cinema of the Brothers Manaki" )〕 The ''National Archive of the Republic of Macedonia'' preserves more than 17,000 photos and over 2000 meters of movie film frоm the brothers Manaki.〔(Journal of Film Preservation, page 27 )〕 They left a rich legacy of important documentary value of the historical and cultural development of Eastern Europe. In their honor the Manaki Brothers Film Festival is held every year.〔(The official website of the festival in Macedonian and English. )〕 == Biography == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yanaki and Milton Manaki」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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